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What are the signs of depression in teens?
Unfortunately, depression in teenagers has become quite common. It can sometimes look different to adult depression, so it’s important to know what to watch out for. Here, I’ll explain what the signs of depression in teens are, and what treatment options are available.
What is depression in teens?
Depression is a common mental health condition that can affect both adults and young people. Around one third of young people aged 16 to 24 currently have a mental health issue such as anxiety or depression.
And since 2019, there has been a 50 per cent increase in mental health referrals for teenagers with depression in the UK.
What causes depression in teens?
There’s not always an obvious cause for depression in teenagers. And often there might be more than one cause. But there are some factors that might make it more likely. These include:
- going through a big life change, such as a house move or bereavement
- using alcohol or drugs
- having an unstable home life
- experiencing or witnessing violence or traumatic events
- physical health problems
- genetic factors – such as a parent with the condition
Teenagers are often going through many different changes, such as preparing for exams, going to college, or university. These life changes can involve stress and pressure and teenagers can struggle to adapt to the new demands they face.
They might struggle to make new friends, or they might encounter alcohol and drugs for the first time. These factors can worsen existing mental health issues, or lead to new problems for some.
Does social media use cause depression in teenagers?
There are mixed opinions about the role social media use may have in teen depression. Some experts believe a lot of screen use may lead to poor self esteem and low mood as teens may compare themselves to others. There are also concerns around screen use and poor sleep – as sleeping badly can affect our mood.
Other experts think the evidence around social media and teen mental health is inconsistent. They also suggest that social media can help lonely teens to connect to others. More evidence is needed to reach a strong conclusion. But, limiting screen time, and considering the type of content being consumed may be helpful.
What are the symptoms of depression in teens?
It’s important to remember that mood changes are a normal part of teenage life. But, when these are frequent, or extreme, they might suggest something else is going on.
With depression, your teenager might:
- have trouble falling asleep
- wake frequently
- no longer enjoy things they used to
- become socially withdrawn
- be irritable or annoyed around others
- be continually low in mood
- cry often
- misuse alcohol or drugs
- struggle with concentration and behaviour at school
- overuse smartphones
- overeat or under eat
Some teenagers with depression may not want to go to school at all, and others will appear happier than they actually are – this is called ‘masking’.
It might be difficult for parents and caregivers to decide if these symptoms are just a normal part of teen life, or something more serious, like depression. With depression, the symptoms are usually persistent and will last for a couple of weeks or more.
Depression is also sometimes linked to other conditions. Issues in teenagers that may be linked to depression include:
- self-harm
- eating disorders
- anxiety or panic attacks
- being bullied
- neurodiversity such as ADHD
How is depression in teens diagnosed?
For a diagnosis of depression in teens, a doctor or mental health professional will usually ask about how they are feeling, and for how long they’ve had symptoms of depression.
They will often also use a symptom questionnaire. This will help to show how often your teen is having depressive symptoms, and how severe they might be. They might also be screened for anxiety at the same time, using a similar questionnaire.
How can you treat depression in teens?
Luckily, depression is a treatable condition. It’s usually treated by talking therapies, and/or specific medications. Often a combination of both is recommended. But, for others, talking therapies alone can make a big difference.
Talking therapies for teenagers with depression include:
- counselling
- cognitive behavioural therapy
Some medications used to treat depression in adults may be unsuitable for teenagers. This is because of the possible effects the medication can have their developing brain. So, a doctor will help to select the most appropriate option for their age and health.
It’s also useful to focus on creating a healthy lifestyle. This would include regular exercise, good sleep, and a balanced diet. These changes have been shown to reduce the risk of low mood. Moderating alcohol use may also have a positive impact. Replacing excessive screen time with more face-to-face contact may help some teenagers.
How can I talk to teenagers about depression?
It’s important to be sensitive about your teen’s feelings. Try to avoid direct and constant questioning which may make them feel attacked. But it can help to explain your concerns about their mood, and to let them you know you’re there if they want to chat.
Sometimes, it can be easier to have these conversations via instant messaging or phone if this is more manageable for your teen. You can also refer them to see a doctor or speak to someone else if they would feel more comfortable (such as a family friend).
Going to the doctors about depression can be daunting, so you could offer to go with your teen. It might help to prepare a list of questions to ask the doctor such as:
- what treatment options are available to them
- whether they will be referred to CAMHS (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
- how long waiting lists are
- whether they would recommend medication or not
- if they can recommend any local support groups or services
Support and resources for teenagers with depression
While a GP is a good place to start, there are many sources of support and information for both you and your teenager. Here are a few useful resources.
Local Minds is a mental health service that offers localised support across England and Wales. They can provide talking therapies and other services for young people.
The Mix is a UK charity that provides support to young people aged under 25, including a crisis text line and a webchat forum. They also provide counselling online.
Frank is a national anti-drugs service, where teenagers can get free, confidential support and advice around drug use here.
If your teenager is feeling very overwhelmed, then the Samaritans offer 24/7 support via text and phone. If they are feeling suicidal then call 999 and ask for an ambulance.
Looking for more support? Our Family Mental HealthLine connects you with mental health nurses for advice and guidance about your child's mental wellbeing.
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